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HAND HYGIENE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE AMONG STUDENTS IN SELECTED DEPARTMENTS AT ADELEKE UNIVERSITY, EDE, OSUN STATE Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202294 Olorunpomi, Oyindamola. Taiwo1, Uthman, Taiwo Adekanmi2*, Abideen, A. Adekanmi3, Owolabi Oluwafemi, Akinkunmi4, Cole, Alice Temitope5, Lawal, Ibraheem Kehinde6 Page No. 1-16 1 In a range of settings, such as healthcare facilities, daycare facilities, and elementary schools, hand hygiene is crucial for preventing the transmission of infectious diseases. It has been noted that college students rarely wash their hands, which raises their risk of contracting infectious diseases. This study was conducted at Adeleke University in Ede, Osun State, with the intention of examining students understanding and usage of hand hygiene. 250 respondents were chosen using the Fisher formula convenience sampling technique in a descriptive cross-sectional design. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The study questions were addressed, the acquired data was analyzed using tables and percentages, and the hypotheses were tested using chi square for some variables and chi square at the 0.05 level of significance. The purpose of the pilot study was to evaluate the questionnaires internal consistency. Analysis of the pilot research results revealed a Cronbach alpha score of 0.884, indicating a strong instrument reliability index. This study revealed that 89 (75.6%) of the respondents had good knowledge of hand hygiene while (78%) had a high level of practice. The majority (69.3%) felt that there was insufficient material to ensure hand hygiene practice. Chi square analysis reveals a statistically significant link (p-0.05) between knowledge and practice of hand hygiene (X2 =5.963a, p-value = 0.05). In this investigation, a major hurdle discovered was a lack of soap and detergent. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge and practice of hand hygiene. Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, Hand hygiene, Students. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=372http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-4-101-1-16.pdf

MALNUTRITION PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF FIVE Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202294 Abideen, A. Adekanmi1*, Cole, Alice Temitope2 Page No. 17-33 1 Childhood malnutrition is brought on by inadequate food intake, infections like diarrhea and other bugs, a lack of cleanliness, and uneducated parents. Poor diets and disease are caused by food instability, inadequate mother-and-child care, poor health services, and the environment (UNAC 1997). In the Ilaje, Bariga, and Shomolu Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria, malnutrition in children under the age of five was examined, along with its prevalence and risk factors. Data gathering utilized a well-structured questionnaire that was well-designed. The respondents received the questionnaire. The respondents distributed, collected, and examined a total of 133 questionnaires. To investigate participant characteristics and give answers to the studys research objectives, the descriptive analysis, frequency, average, and percentage were used. This result revealed that the prevalence of child malnutrition (wasting, stunting, and underweight) was a significant public health issue in the pastoral community, according to the WHO classification for public health relevance. The current study discovered that underweight, stunting, and wasting were all common in the area under investigation. The study advised family planning, vaccination against diarrheal diseases, prevention of diarrhoeal infections, and access to nutrition education programs as ways to improve childrens nutritional status. Given the quantitative nature of this study, it is recommended that researchers employ a mixed-method research study design in subsequent investigations to examine the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable of moderate malnutrition. Keywords: Malnutrition, Family Planning, Preventing Diarrhoeal Diseases, Wasting, Stunting, And Underweight. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=373http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-4-102-17-33.pdf

THE ATYPICAL COMPLICATIONS OF GRAVES DISEASE: PANCYTOPENIA, CHRONIC HEPATIC INJURY, AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION -AN COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202294 Venkataramanan.S*, Eshika Ellyson Erich, Siti NurHannah Irdina binti Hasmar Honiz, Sivarani Kulasegaran, Stephenie Tamil Many Page No. 34-40 1 Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that results in hyperthyroidism. In this condition, the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormone in the body. Graves disease is a common type of hyperthyroidism in developed countries. It is more common between the ages of 30 and 60, and women are 5-10 times more likely to develop it than men. Every disease is associated with complications that manifest as signs and symptoms. As a result, Graves disease has a few atypical complications that are difficult to detect. According to research, Graves disease causes Pancytopenia which is defined as an increase in all three hematologic cell lines. The condition is not a disease in and of itself, but rather a common pathway caused by a variety of different etiologies that can be contagious, autoimmune, hereditary, nutritional, and/or malignant. Also, chronic liver disease is characterized by the progressive deterioration of liver functions. Liver functions include the production of clotting factors and other proteins, detoxification of harmful metabolic products, and bile excretion. This is a continuous process of liver parenchymal inflammation, destruction, and regeneration that leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the terminal stage of chronic liver disease, characterized by disruption of liver architecture, the formation of widespread nodules, vascular reorganization, neo-angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition. The other atypical complication that is commonly found is pulmonary hypertension. High blood pressure in the blood vessels that supply the lungs is referred to as pulmonary hypertension. It is a severe condition that can cause damage to the right side of the heart. The pulmonary artery walls thicken and stiffen, making it difficult for blood to pass through. The reduced blood flow makes the right side of the heart work harder to pump blood through the arteries. Keywords: Graves Disease, atypical complications, pancytopenia, chronic hepatic injury, pulmonary hypertension. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=374http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-4-103-34-40.pdf

THE STUDY OF LUNG CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202294 Venkataramanan.S*, Renisha Selvakumar, Darshni Devi Thevarajan, Kausalya Devi Kandasamy, Yin Sheau Torng Page No. 41-47 1 In the United States, lung cancer is the third most prevalent cancer type and the leading cause of cancer-related fatalities. Lung cancer is also one of the most prevalent cancers in Malaysia, making up around 10% of all malignancies. The American Cancer Society (ACS) reports that men are the group most likely to develop lung cancer. Smoking is the leading factor in lung cancer cases. Cigarette smoking is by far the biggest risk factor for lung cancer. More than 70% of instances fall within this category. Tobacco smoke contains more than 60 different carcinogenic chemicals. Nevertheless, persons who have never smoked are equally prone to the illness. Lung cancer develops when lung cells divide too rapidly, which leads to the growth of tumors. Keywords: Lung Cancer, Tobacco, Immunotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=375http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-4-104-41-47.pdf

AN LITERATURE REVIEW OF DENGUE FEVER: DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER IS MORE DEADLY THAN DENGUE FEVER. Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202294 Venkataramanan.S*, Khairunnisa Nabilah Binti Mohamed Hussein, Nurhidayah Binti Mohammad Shafie Guan, Santhia Tamilselvan, Vethanayagi Chandran. Page No. 48-56 1 Introduction: 800 years ago, dengue developed in monkeys and spread to humans. Up until the middle of the 20th century, the first epidemiological outbreak of dengue occurred in North America, Africa, and Asia in the 1780s. Earlier in 1970, only 9 countries experienced severe dengue epidemics. Perhaps, now that dengue fever occurs in more than 100 countries, the disease is considered endemic. Materials and method: In this study, four articles have been examined, and the majority of the articles focus on the planning and execution of studies, data analysis, and the definition of concepts. Result: In this study, describe DHF changes. The majority of DHF patients are usually infected with two types of serotypes, and among all the DHF patients, adolescents carried a higher percentage compared to young adults and children, and among adolescents, males had a higher percentage compared to females. Conclusion: This study review on dengue hemorrhagic fever shows that it causes severe illness and can even cause death if left untreated. Keywords: Dengue Fever, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=376http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-4-105-48-56.pdf

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SWEET LOTUS (Glinus lotoides L). Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202294 Dr. Manju Rakesh* and Dr. Neeta M Patil Page No. 57-61 1 The main objectives of this study are to find out the presence of major phytochemical constituents in Glinus lotoides L. The standard methods were used to carry out the analysis of phytochemical constituents present in the plant. The plant found to contain carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes, anthraquinones, saponins and coumarins. Powder microscopy of whole plant showed trichomes, epidermal hair, pitted vessels, tracheids, needle shaped Calcium oxalate crystals, fibres, vessel elements etc. TLC analysis of the ethanolic extract of whole plant revealed spots in visible light, UV light and iodine chamber. The extract was run along with alkaloid standard and the presence of alkaloid was confirmed. Alkaloids are secondary metabolites with enumerable pharmacological activities so the study open a way for further research in alkaloids in Glinus lotoides L. which might result in the discovery of new drugs. Keywords: Glinus lotoides L., Phytoconstituents, TLC. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=377http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-4-57-61.pdf

Assessment of the Water Quality of Bar-Bula Village Well Waters, Tafawa Balewa Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202294 Chidi J. OGHAM1*, Jonathan D. DABAK1, Kiri. H. JARYUM1 Page No. 62-73 1 There was a report of health challenges in our study area due to the consumption of water from wells sited in the community. The research was aimed at assessing the water quality parameters of the wells consumed by the villagers towards providing information on the possible health implication(s) of its consumption. Two sampling sites were selected, well 1 and well 2, which were hitherto the sole sources of water in the village. Physico-chemical and microbiological quality parameters of samples were done in order to assess their conformance with the specification of Nigerian Standard for drinking water quality (NIS 554-2015). The results indicated that all physical water quality parameters have their mean concentration values below the maximum permissible limits, except colour which had total mean concentrations of 16.5 0.65 TCU and 15.3 0.65 TCU for well 1 and well 2 respectively, are relatively above the allowable unit range of 15 TCU (NIS-554-2015). The water quality assessment of wells also revealed high concentration of cadmium (0.11 mg/L and 0.16 mg/L, for well 1 and 2 respectively as against 0.003 mg/L specified by standard) and magnesium (185 mg/L and 105 mg/L for well 1 and 2 respectively as against the maximum permissible limit of 20 mg/L specified by the standard). The microbial values of samples fall below the maximum permissible limit prescribed by the NIS standard. From the study, it was concluded that the presence of cadmium in the well waters indicated that the water is unfit for consumption. Keywords: Cadmium, consumption, Bar village, water quality, standard http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=379http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-4-107-62-73.pdf