Jobpcrhttp://www.jobpcr.comJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research is an online international journal to promote all fields of Chemical Sciences like Organic Chemistry, Green Chemistry, Photochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Biochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Agricultural and Soil Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, Forensic Chemistry and Phytochemistry as well as all aspects of Chemical Engineering etc.
PLANKTON SPECIES COMPOSITION, ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY INDICES IN THREE PONDS OF CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, BANGLADESH Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202292 Md. Saiful Islama, *, M. A. Azadib, Munira Nasiruddinc and Muhammad Mohiuddin Sarkerd Page No. 1-14 1 Species composition, abundance and diversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton of three ponds in Chittagong University campus were evaluated for two years period from January 2017 to December 2018. A composition of 12 phytoplankton and 33 zooplankton species were recorded in the entire study area. Anacystis cyanea as phytoplankton and Nauplius larva, Brachionus forficula, Cyclops varicans rubellus as zooplankton were the most dominant species in all the ponds. Phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance during the two years study was almost same. Phytoplankton species belonged to four groups (blue-green algae, green algae, desmids and diatoms,) where blue-green algae occupied the highest position in all the ponds, whereas, the zooplankton species belonged to five groups (cladocera, copepoda, rotifera, protozoa, and nematoda), of which rotifera and copepoda occupied the first and second positions in all the ponds. Species richness (S) of phytoplankton was almost the same in both the years but for zooplankton, species richness was found to be much higher in 2017 (S = 30) than in 2018 (S = 19). The range of Simpson diversity index (D) of phytoplankton in the three ponds were found to be 1.362-2.879 and 1.362-2.265, whereas, the range of zooplankton in the three ponds were 6.495-10.05 and 5.372-8.826 during 2017 and 2018 respectively. The Shanon Wiener diversity index (H) of phytoplankton in the three ponds were varied from 0.636 to 1.317 and from 0.235 to 0.9981 and that for zooplankton ranged between 2.229-2.506 and 1.847-2.457 in 2017 and 2018 respectively. According to Simpson and Shanon Wieners diversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton, the highest diversity was found in pond 2 and the lowest in pond 1. The range of Species Evenness (E) of phytoplankton in the three ponds varied from 0.2269-0.6042 and 0.2755-0.3235, and that of zooplankton varied from 0.3608-0.5288 and 0.3816-0.5372 during 2017 and 2018 respectively. The species evenness of phytoplankton and zooplankton indicated pollution in pond 1, where the individuals of the community were not equally distributed than the other two ponds. Pond-1 was found to be polluted due to mass use by the local peoples and draining of surrounding run-off, which should be stopped to keep the water quality in good condition. Key words: Phytoplankton, zooplankton, species composition, abundance, species diversity indices http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=345http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-2-087-1-14.pdf
FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY IN STROKE SURVIVORS Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202292 Litty Vadakkethil Lalu1, K.T Moly2, Priya Thomas3 Page No. 15-25 1 Introduction: Stroke is an important cause of premature death and disability in the low-income and middle-income countries like India and China requiring partial or complete assistance to carry out activities of daily living. Advances in treatment of stroke have reduced the mortality rates, but functional disabilities still continue to be a burden. Objective: To assess functional disabilities among stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: A Quantitative descriptive study among 50 stroke survivors attending the stroke OPD of a tertiary care hospital using convenient sampling. The functional disability was assessed using Modified Barthel Index (MBI) in which the scores measure from disability (00) to ability (100). It measures 11 functions that are important for independent living. It includes feeding, bathing, grooming, dressing, bowel and bladder continence, toileting, transfer, mobility and stair use. Data was collected from stroke survivors attending OPD based on the sample selection criteria. Results: The study has shown dependency in nearly 50% of the sample (4% were totally dependent, 8% severely dependent and 36% moderately dependent). Among the 11 areas of functional disabilities assessed, bladder control (92.2%) and bowel control (88%) were found to be better while dressing (76%) and stair climbing (77.4%) were poor. Conclusion: The study highlights that in spite of the improved health services, the severity of functional disabilities among stroke survivors after a month seems to be relatively high in India than Western countries. It brings attention towards more community centred rehabilitation services and peer group support to attain functional restoration, family and social reintegration. Key words: Functional disabilities stroke survivors, ADL http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=346http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-2-089-15-25.pdf
Microwave-assisted synthesis of oxadiazole and thiazolidine derivatives Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202292 Dr. Nasser Thallaj Page No. 26-45 1 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives constitute a group of biologically important compounds that have been used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, or psychotropic drugs in addition to their role in plant growth regulation and monoamine oxidase inhibition. This study focused on the use of microwaves in the synthesis of oxadiazole derivatives containing thiazolidinediones, which are promising for use as new drugs. For the first time, thiazolidinediones were synthesized by reacting benzaldehyde with cysteine with very good yield using microwave radiation at 340 watt. Subsequently, thiazolidine hydrazide (L3) was synthesized, which was reacted with carboxylic acid or carbon disulfide to be obtained in the presence of a base oxadiazole derivatives L4, L5, L6, L7, L8. The subjectivity of the synthetic compounds was verified by melting point measurement, E. Analy, and analysis using thin layer chromatography (TLC), FT-IR, mass spectrometry (EI-MS), and NMR spectroscopy. Key words: oxadiazole, thiazolidinedione, microwave radiation, thiazolidine hydrazide, cysteine. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=347http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-2-090-26-45.pdf
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CARRIAGE AMONG HOSPITAL STAFF: COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202292 Thivayta Shanmugam1, Shaamini Selvapaandian1, Thashwina N.G. Punithan1, Nur Atiqah binti Mohd Yusoff1,Nor Elianis binti Norkhairani1,Kaveeyarasi Kumaravel1, Venkataramanan.S1,kavitha.Kannan2,Purushothaman Ayyakkannu3 page No. 46-53 1 Staphylococcus aureus represent as a gram-positive bacterium which causes a broad range of clinical infections. Infection occurs due to this bacterium is prevalent in both hospitals as well as in the community. Because of the growth of multi-drug resistant bacteria such as MRSA (Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus), the treatments are difficult to discover. S.aureus generally not initiate infection on healthy skin unless these bacteria are permitted to reach the internal tissues or bloodstream, which can cause a number of potentially dangerous infections. Staphylococcus aureus has been identified as a significant pathogen. Despite the antibiotic therapy, staphylococcal infections are common in hospitalized patients, and it can be fatal. It is the leading cause of disease and mortality in hospital environment. Its potential to cause disease is enhanced by virulence factors or drug resistance, as evidenced by the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has begun as a serious nosocomial infection in many hospitals throughout the world. In hospitals, the most common sources of s.aureus would be septic lesions and patient and staff carriage sites. Infection is frequently preceded by carriage. This organism which lives as a commensal and has been transmitted in both healthcare and community settings is also a prominent source of bacteremia, skin and soft tissue infections and endocarditis. Key words: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), nosocomial infection, antibiotic therapy, bacteremia. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=362http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-2-092-46-53.pdf
CONCEPT OF RNA SILENCING AND APPLICATIONS OF SIRNA IN HEALTHCARE Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202292 Royani Saha Page No. 54-62 1 After the Human Genome Project (HGP), scientists are able to decode the genetic roots of diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis; using new generation gene-sequencing technology. Now it is possible to reach the potential root of genetic diseases and gain more insight about the genetic component of the disease and its underlying causes. By using this information, it is possible to devise drugs which have the potential to act on these underlying disease causing genes; it paved the way for discovery of new technologies based on RNA and its potential versatile forms. RNA based therapeutics are categorized according to their mechanism of action, which involves and catalytically active molecules that bind to other proteins RNAi (RNA interference) and mRNA translation inhibitors (antisense). Researchers are working on developing vaccines that use RNA encoded proteins from pathogens such as influenza, rabies, or Zika virus. The new mRNA will translate the sequenced strands into protein, stimulating the immune system to produce a specific immune response to the exact strain of the pathogen. RNAi was the Nobel Prize-winning discovery in 2006, opening the door to a plethora of new and exciting therapies. The discovery of Mello and colleagues, which states the potential use of dsRNA (double stranded RNA) in degradation of target mRNA sequences in C.elegans and mammalian cells, has brought RNAi into the spotlight. RNA silencing can be mediated by siRNA (small interfering RNA) or miRNA (micro RNA); they are handled by the cellular enzyme Dicer for processing before being integrated into the RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex complex). The primary distinction between miRNA and siRNA is that miRNA can act on multiple mRNA targets whereas siRNA can only act on one mRNA target, which is very specific in targeting a mRNA molecule where the gene expression is to be silenced. Key words: RNA Silencing, Gene knockdown, RNA interference, RNAi therapeutics, siRNA, RISC, dsRNA, miRNA, mRNA molecule target, RNA splicing. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=363http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-2-093-54-62.pdf
ESTIMATION OF GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES AMONG ALCOHOLICS IN ABAKALIKI Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202292 Richard Chinaza Ikeagwulonu1, Henry Chukwuemeka Uro-Chukwu2, Zeal Chinwe Ikeagwulonu3 , Ngozi Immaculata Ugwu4, Uzoma Vivian Asiegbu5 Page No. 63-74 1 The present study was designed to evaluate the plasma GGT and ALP levels in alcoholics in Abakaliki using a cross-sectional laboratory-based design involving eighty (80) respondents of fifty alcoholics and thirty non-alcoholics. A self-structured questionnaire was administered to both groups to collate data on participants demographics. GGT and ALP were analyzed calorimetrically, using Randox and Spectrum reagents respectively and according to the manufacturers recommendations. Data generated from the study were analyzed using SPSS version 23. The results, showed significant (r = -0.298, p =0.007) increase in GGT in alcoholics (6.783.919) compared to non-alcoholics (4.333.698) while no significant (r = 0.185, p = 0.185) change was observed in ALP values in alcoholics (97.2238.94) compared to non-alcoholics (113.5347.791). GGT was not significantly correlated with age (r = 0.002, p =0.991) and BMI (r = 0.051, p = 0.724). Also, ALP was not significantly correlated with age (r = -0.232, p = 0.105) and BMI (r = -0.043, p = 0.765). In conclusion, GGT measurement may be a suitable screening test in assessing liver involvement in alcoholics. Key words: gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, alcoholics. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=364http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-2-094-63-74.pdf
Current review on thin films: A potential carrier of medicaments Journal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical ResearchJournal of Biological ,Pharmaceutical And Chemical Research2394-3076202292 Yamini Srinivas Gali 1, Mohan Varma Manthina 2, Radha Madhavi Baluguri 1, Vasu Peddinti1, Abbas Ali 2, Krishna Prasad Davarasingi 1, Ashok Thulluru 1* Page No. 75-86 1 Thin films are flexible layer of polymer that contains or does not contain a plasticizer and is used as a potential carrier of drugs from longer periods. Oral thin film, Oro-dispersible film, oral soluble film, wafer, oral strip, buccal film, mucoadhesive film, ocular film, and transmucosal film are some of the names given to thin films. In this current review various formulation additives, advantages, disadvantages, manufacturing technologies, evaluation studies, route of administration and future perspectives of thin films are discussed. Key words: Thin films, Oral thin film, mucoadhesive film, evaluation studies, manufacturing technologies and future perspectives. http://www.jobpcr.com/archive-abs.php?arc=367http://www.jobpcr.com/archive/JOBPCR-2022-9-2-201-75-86.pdf